Another Word For It Patrick Durusau on Topic Maps and Semantic Diversity

January 27, 2011

Isidorus

Filed under: Isidorus,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 2:02 pm

Isidorus

From the website:

Isidorus is an Open Source Topic Map engine actively developed using sbcl and elephant. Isidorus supports import and export of XTM 1.0 and 2.0, full versioning, merge semantics, an Atom-based RESTful API and Topic Map querying โ€” with more to come.

Current areas of development include:

  • Enforcements of constraints (TMCL)
  • Json-import / export and a AJAX front end for data curation
  • Enhanced querying

Also note:

A Virtual Box image of a pre-installed isidorus-environment on an Ubuntu-Linux system is available at: http://festus.textgrid.it.fh-worms.de/TMRA2009/isidorus-vbox-image.tar.gz.

January 26, 2011

Onotoa: Simply create your Topic Maps schemas

Filed under: TMCL,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 1:11 pm

Onotoa: Simply create your Topic Maps schemas

The 1.2 version is due out fairly soon.

Onotoa assists in the construction of topic map schemas (constraint schemas).

It provides a graphic representation of types and constraints for a topic map.

You probably want to read Creating a topic map ontology with Onotoa before you try the Onotoa Handbook.

I am not sure the Onotoa Handbook, even if it were available in editable form (say ODF?), would be worth the effort to make an editorial pass at it.

Suspect splitting it into a reference manual and a users manual would be a step in the right direction. Then do an editorial pass.

Dimensions to use to compare NoSQL data stores – Queries to Produce Topic Maps

Filed under: Merging,NoSQL,TMDM,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 9:08 am

Dimensions to use to compare NoSQL data stores

A post by Huan Liu to read after Billy Newport’s Enterprise NoSQL: Silver Bullet or Poison Pill? โ€“ (Unique Questions?)

A very good quick summary of the dimension to consider. As Liu makes clear, choosing the right data store is a complex issue.

I would use this as an overview article to get everyone on a common ground for a discussion of NoSQL data stores.

At least that way, misunderstandings will be on some other topic of discussion.

BTW, if you think about Newport’s point (however correct/incorrect) that NoSQL databases enable only one query, doesn’t that fit the production of a topic map?

That is there is a defined set of constructs, with defined conditions of equivalence. So the only query in that regard has been fixed.

Questions remain about querying the data that a topic map holds, but the query that results in merged topics, associations, etc.

In some processing models, that query is performed and a merged artifact is produced.

Following the same data model rules, I would prefer to allow those queries be made on an ad hoc basis. So that users are always presented with the latest merged results.

Same rules as the TMDM, just a question of when they fire.

Questions:

  1. NoSQL – What other general compare/dimension articles would you recommend as common ground builders? (1-3 citations)
  2. Topic maps as artifacts – What other data processing approaches produce static artifacts for querying? (3-5 pages, citations)
  3. Topic maps as query results – What are the concerns and benefits of topic maps as query results? (3-5 pages, citations)

January 16, 2011

QuaaxTM 0.6.0

Filed under: QuaaxTM,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 8:25 pm

QuaaxTM

From the website:

QuaaxTM is a PHP Topic Maps engine which implements PHPTMAPI. This enables developers to work against a standardized API. QuaaxTM uses MySQL with InnoDB as storage engine and benefits from transaction support and referential integrity.

PHPTMAPI 2.0.1 released

Filed under: TMAPI,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 8:21 pm

PHPTMAPI 2.0.1 released

From the website:

TMAPI/PHP is a programming interface for PHP based on the TMAPI (www.tmapi.org) project. This API will enable PHP developers easy and standardized implementation of topic maps in their applications.

Ontopia

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Ontopia,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 6:55 pm

I saw a tweet dated 2011-01-15 saying that Ontopia was alive.

Since Ontopia is a name known to anyone interested in topic maps for more than 30 minutes, I decided to take a look.

It is indeed the Ontopia software for topic maps.

It was disappointing that the homepage, despite being alive! needs updating. Such as not referring to last year’s TMRA conference.

All the additional resources listed are good ones, but the selection is somewhat limited.

One of my goals for 2011 is to develop a bibliography of topic map papers, presentations, etc.

Will have to see how the year goes.

January 13, 2011

Contra XTM?

Filed under: Topic Map Software,Topic Maps,XTM — Patrick Durusau @ 3:10 pm

I was reading a topic map paper that complained about difficulties processing XTM with XML tools.

In fact, the article says, you need a topic map engine to process XTM effectively.

Was that a surprise?

What if I ran across a SQL database dump with tables, which contain foreign keys, etc.

I would be bet that I need a SQL database engine to process it effectively.

Would that be a surprise?

XTM, is and was an interchange syntax for topic maps.

That means people can interchange XTM topic maps with the expectation of a defined set of semantics, for processing with, wait for it, a topic map engine.

I write this because I think XML is under-recognized as a declarative semantic format and too casually viewed as a basis for processing.

There are cases where XML can be used as a basis for processing, I don’t know, tweets for example. ๐Ÿ˜‰

Seriously, a file being written in XML (think word processing formats), doesn’t automatically make XML tools the best processing choice.

XTM is one of those cases, but that wasn’t a surprise.

January 12, 2011

TM++ Topic Maps Engine – News

Filed under: Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 8:23 am

TM++ Topic Maps Engine has moved to using using the Microsoft(R) Visual Studio(R) 2010 IDE for development.

January 6, 2011

Topincs 5.2.0

Filed under: Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 8:20 am

The Topincs 5.2.0 release has a number of enhancements and bug fixes.

Including Topincs 5.2.0 eliminates all problems on tap devices, like the iPhone and the iPad.

Not owning either one I will have to rely on reports from others.

Download: http://www.cerny-online.com/topincs/downloads/topincs-5.2.0.tar.gz

See the Topincs homepage for the manual and other information.

December 30, 2010

How to Design Programs

Filed under: Software,Topic Map Software,Topic Map Systems — Patrick Durusau @ 4:03 pm

How to Design Programs: An Introduction to Computing and Programming Authors: Matthias Felleisen, Robert Bruce Findler, Matthew Flatt, Shriram Krishnamurthi (2003 version)

Update: see How to Design Programs, Second Edition.

Website includes the complete text.

The Amazon product description reads:

This introduction to programming places computer science in the core of a liberal arts education. Unlike other introductory books, it focuses on the program design process. This approach fosters a variety of skills–critical reading, analytical thinking, creative synthesis, and attention to detail–that are important for everyone, not just future computer programmers. The book exposes readers to two fundamentally new ideas. First, it presents program design guidelines that show the reader how to analyze a problem statement; how to formulate concise goals; how to make up examples; how to develop an outline of the solution, based on the analysis; how to finish the program; and how to test. Each step produces a well-defined intermediate product. Second, the book comes with a novel programming environment, the first one explicitly designed for beginners. The environment grows with the readers as they master the material in the book until it supports a full-fledged language for the whole spectrum of programming tasks. All the book’s support materials are available for free on the Web. The Web site includes the environment, teacher guides, exercises for all levels, solutions, and additional projects.

If we are going to get around to solving the hard subject identity problems in addition to those that are computationally convenient, there will need to be more collaboration across the liberal arts.

The Amazon page, How to Design Programs is in error. I checked the ISBN numbers at: http://www.bookhttp://www.books-by-isbn.com/s-by-isbn.com/ The ISBN-13 works but the French, German and UK details point back to the 2001 printing. Bottom line: There is no 2008 edition of this work.

If you are interested, Matthias Felleisen, along with Robert Bruce Findler and Matthew Flatt, has authored Semantics Engineering with PLT Redex in 2009. Sounds interesting but the only review I saw was on Amazon.

December 10, 2010

Semantically Equivalent Facets

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Facets,Topic Map Software,Topic Map Systems,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 3:32 pm

I failed to mention semantically equivalent facets in either Identifying Subjects With Facets or Facets and “Undoable” Merges.

Sorry! I assumed it was too obvious to mention.

That is if you are using a facet based navigation with a topic map, it will return/navigate the facet you ask for, and also return/navigate any semantically equivalent facet.

One of the advantages of using a topic map to underlie a facet system is that users get the benefit of something familiar, a set of facet axes they recognize, while at the same time getting the benefit of navigating semantically equivalent facets without knowing about it.

I suppose I should say that declared semantically equivalent facets are included in navigation.

Declared semantic equivalence doesn’t just happen, nor is it free.

Keeping that in mind will help you ask questions when sales or project proposals gloss over the hard questions of what return you will derive from an investment in semantic technologies? And when?

Facets and “Undoable” Merges

After writing Identifying Subjects with Facets, I started thinking about the merge of the subjects matching a set of facets. So the user could observe all the associations where the members of that subject participated.

If merger is a matter of presentation to the user, then the user should be able to remove one of the members that makes up a subject from the merge. Which results in the removal of associations where that member of the subject participated.

No more or less difficult than the inclusion/exclusion based on the facets, except this time it involves removal on the basis of roles in associations. That is the playing of a role, being a role, etc. are treated as facets of a subject.

Well, except that an individual member of a collective subject is being manipulated.

This capability would enable a user to manipulate what members of a subject are represented in a merge. Not to mention being able to unravel a merge one member of a subject at a time.

An effective visual representation of such a capability could be quite stunning.

Identifying Subjects With Facets

If facets are aspects of subjects, then for every group of facets, I am identifying the subject that has those facets.

If I have the facets, height, weight, sex, age, street address, city, state, country, email address, then at the outset, my subject is the subject that has all those characteristics, with whatever value.

We could call that subject: people.

Not the way I usually think about it but follow the thought out a bit further.

For each facet where I specify a value, the subject identified by the resulting value set is both different from the starting subject and, more importantly, has a smaller set of members in the data set.

Members that make up the collective that is the subject we have identified.

Assume we have narrowed the set of people down to a group subject that has ten members.

Then, we select merge from our application and it merges these ten members.

Sounds damned odd, to merge what we know are different subjects?

What if by merging those different members we can now find these different individuals have a parent association with the same children?

Or have a contact relationship with a phone number associated with an individual or group of interest?

Robust topic map applications will offer users the ability to navigate and explore subject identities.

Subject identities that may not always be the ones you expect.

We don’t live in a canned world. Does your semantic software?

December 6, 2010

KissKissBan

KissKissBan: A Competitive Human Computation Game for Image Annotation Authors: Chien-Ju Ho, Tao-Hsuan Chang, Jong-Chuan Lee, Jane Yung-jen Hsu, Kuan-Ta Chen Keywords: Amazon Mechanical Turk, ESP Game, Games With A Purpose, Human Computation, Image Annotation

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a competitive human computation game, KissKissBan (KKB), for image annotation. KKB is different from other human computation games since it integrates both collaborative and competitive elements in the game design. In a KKB game, one player, the blocker, competes with the other two collaborative players, the couples; while the couples try to find consensual descriptions about an image, the blockerโ€™s mission is to prevent the couples from reaching consensus. Because of its design, KKB possesses two nice properties over the traditional human computation game. First, since the blocker is encouraged to stop the couples from reaching consensual descriptions, he will try to detect and prevent coalition between the couples; therefore, these efforts naturally form a player-level cheating-proof mechanism. Second, to evade the restrictions set by the blocker, the couples would endeavor to bring up a more diverse set of image annotations. Experiments hosted on Amazon Mechanical Turk and a gameplay survey involving 17 participants have shown that KKB is a fun and efficient game for collecting diverse image annotations.

This article makes me wonder about the use of “games” for the construction of topic maps?

I don’t know of any theoretical reason why topic map construction has to resemble a visit to the dentist office. ๐Ÿ˜‰

Or for that matter, why does a user needs to know they are authoring/using a topic map at all?

Questions:

  1. What other game or game like scenario’s do you think lend themselves to the creation of online content? (3-5 pages, citations)
  2. What type of information do you think users could usefully contribute to a topic map (whether known to be a topic map or not)? (3-5 pages, no citations)
  3. Sketch out a proposal for an online game that adds information, focusing on incentives and the information contributed. (3-5 pages, no citations)

December 5, 2010

Amazon Web Services

Filed under: Software,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 8:27 pm

Amazon Web Services

The recent Wikileaks story drew my attention to the web services offered by Amazon. Knew they were there but had not really paid as much attention as I should.

I don’t know the details but be aware that there is a one year free service tier to introduce new users to the cloud.

Curious if anyone is already offering topic map services with someone like Amazon Web Services?

Subject identity management as a service seems like a likely commodity in the cloud.

Data sets may expose different identity APIs as it were depending upon the degree of access required.

November 2, 2010

Afghanistan War Diary – Improvements

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Maiana,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 5:25 am

It was only days after the release of the Afghanistan War Diary that Aki Kivela posted improvements to it using automatic extractors.

Important not only as a demonstration of participation in a topic maps project but also the incremental nature of topic map authoring.

QuaaxTM – PHP Topic Maps – New Release

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 5:00 am

QuaaxTM – PHP Topic Maps has a new release!

Added support for XTM 2.1 read/write.

October 26, 2010

PSIs Going Viral?

Filed under: PSI,Subject Identifiers,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 6:51 am

Publishing subject identifiers with node makes me wonder if PSIs (Published Subject Identifiers) are about to go viral?

This server software, written in Javascript, is an early release and needs features and bug fixes (feel free to contribute comments/fixes).

As it matures we could see a proliferation of PSI servers.

Key to that is downloading, installing, breaking, complaining, return to downloading. ๐Ÿ˜‰

As Graham Moore says on TopicMapMail: “This is very cool.”

October 17, 2010

SGDB โ€“ Simple Graph Database Optimized for Activation Spreading Computation

Filed under: Graphs,Software,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 3:38 am

SGDB โ€“ Simple Graph Database Optimized for Activation Spreading Computation Authors: Marek Ciglan and Kjetil Nรธrvรฅg Keywords: spreading activation, graph, link graph, graph database, persistent media

Abstract:

In this paper, we present SGDB, a graph database with a storage model optimized for computation of Spreading Activation (SA) queries. The primary goal of the system is to minimize the execution time of spreading activation algorithm over large graph structures stored on a persistent media; without pre-loading the whole graph into the memory. We propose a storage model aiming to minimize number of accesses to the storage media during execution of SA and we propose a graph query type for the activation spreading operation. Finally, we present the implementation and its performance characteristics in scope of our pilot application that uses the activation spreading over the Wikipedia link graph.

Useful if your topic map won’t fit into memory or you want to use spreading activation with your topic map. Not to mention that the SGDB has some interesting performance characteristics versus a general graph database. Or so the article says, I haven’t verified the claims, you need to make your own judgment.

Software: SGDB

October 16, 2010

Incidence of Merging?

Filed under: Merging,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 10:20 am

Is there an average incidence of merging?

I know the rhetoric well enough, discover new relationships, subjects, cross domain or even semantic universe boundaries, etc., but ok, how often?

Take for example the Opera and CIA World Fact Book topic maps. When they merge, how many topics actually merge?

One expects only the geographic locations, which is useful but what percentage of the overall topics does that represent? In either map?

Questions:

  1. Is incidence of merging a useful measurement? Yes/No, Why?
  2. Is there something beyond incidence of merging that you would measure for merged topic maps?
  3. How would you evaluate the benefits of merging two (or more) topic maps?
  4. How would you plan for merging in a topic map design?

(Either of the last two questions can be expanded into design projects.)

October 4, 2010

Topic Maps for Drupal

Filed under: Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 9:07 am

Topic Maps for Drupal

Sam Hunting has released a topic maps module for Drupal.

Features a wiki-like syntax for the authoring of topic maps in-line with blog posts, for example, and the ability to use data plugins for the parsing of data.

(Well, now I will have to install/configure Drupal so I can test it out.)

QuaaxTM (Release)

Filed under: Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 5:23 am

QuaaxTM has released version 0.5.3 of the QuaaxTM PHP Topic Maps engine.

Includes JTM 1.0 read/write and JTM 1.1 read support (QuaaxTMIO library).

(As per Johannes Schmidt, jschmidt@t8d.de.)

October 2, 2010

Anything to Topic Maps

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 5:08 am

Anything to Topic Maps.

Lars Heuer announced Anything to Topic Maps – (Email Announcement), saying while it maps anything, Mappify presently only maps atom feeds. (more to follow)

Lars also illustrates how promiscuous topic mapping can lead to unexpected results. ๐Ÿ˜‰

September 27, 2010

DeepaMehta

Filed under: Subject Identity,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 2:42 pm

DeepaMehta.

From the homepage:

DeepaMehta is a software platform for Knowledge Management. Knowledge is represented in a semantic network and is handled collaboratively. DeepaMehta combines interdisciplinary research with the idea of Open Source to generate a true benefit for workflow as well as for social processes. At the same time Deepa Mehta is an indian movie director.

The DeepaMehta user interface is build according to research in Cognitive Psychology and accomodates the knowledge building process of the individual. Instead of handling information through applications, windows and files with DeepaMehta the user handles all kind of information directly and individually. DeepaMehtas user interface is completely based on Mind Maps / Concept Maps.

Not quite my choice for an interface but then I have spent too many decades with books and similar resources.

A topic map that presents like a printed page but is populated with nodes of associations offering further information would be more to my tastes.

*****
PS: Posted to me by Jack Park

September 24, 2010

Pastebin for Topic Maps

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 6:37 am

Pastebin for topic maps.

From Lars Heuer, a syntax highlighter for topic map syntax.

REST in the Web3 Platform

Filed under: Authoring Topic Maps,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 6:30 am

REST in the Web3 Platform.

Graham Moore details the choices made to make the Web3 platform follow “many” of the principles of REST.

While you are there, watch Web3 Platform Getting Started No 1. Good presentation.

******
Additional resources:

Tutorial on REST: Learn REST: A Tutorial

Fielding, Roy T.; Taylor, Richard N., Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture

Fielding, Roy Thomas (dissertation), Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures

Update:

See also: Restful Interface to Topic Maps Another REST interface effort.

September 15, 2010

International Association for Cryptological Research

Filed under: Cryptography,Security,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps — Patrick Durusau @ 6:01 am

International Association for Cryptologic Research

Hosts conference proceedings, ePrint Archive, CryptoDB, and other goodies. Membership details for IACR.

Topic map applications need to offer features such as:

  • secure communications to and from topic maps.
  • secure and verified data for merging into topic maps.
  • capability to merge parts of separately held topic maps without disclosing the basis for merging.*
  • etc.

*(Important for a range of defense and security applications.)

September 13, 2010

A million answers to twenty questions: choosing by checklist

Filed under: Information Retrieval,Interface Research/Design,Topic Map Software — Patrick Durusau @ 6:09 pm

A million answers to twenty questions: choosing by checklist Authors: Michael Mandler , Paola Manzini , Marco Mariotti, Keywords: Bounded rationality, utility maximization, choice function, lexicographic utility.

Mentions:

Checklist users can in effect perform a binary search, which makes the number of preference discriminations they make an exponential function of the number of properties that they use. As a result, an agent who makes a 1,000,000 preference discriminations needs a checklist that is just 20 properties long.

Substitute “identity” for “preference.”

  1. How many discriminations are necessary to identify a subject?
  2. Does the order of discrimination matter?
  3. What properties discriminate more than others?
  4. Do the answers to 1-3 vary by domain? If so, in what way?

Empirical question, unlike ontologies, classifications, cataloging, the answers come from users.

September 12, 2010

Gaming for Topic Maps?

Gaming for a Cure: Computer Gamers Tackle Protein Folding describes how over 57,000 “players” bested supercomputers:

Analysis shows that players bested the computers on problems that required radical moves, risks and long-term vision — the kinds of qualities that computers do not possess.

Distributed human contribution to massive information projects is a proven fact. (The reading programme of the OED is an earlier example.)

Can you make mapping large data sets into an interesting game?

For some clues, see: Foldit.

September 11, 2010

Google’s Instant And User Expectations

Filed under: Search Interface,Searching,Topic Map Software,Topic Maps,Usability — Patrick Durusau @ 5:35 am

Google’s Instant will change user expectations for search interfaces. Any interface that is less responsive will be viewed as less capable. Quality of results will have a minor impact on user ratings of an interface. (I am projecting the results of future surveys analyzing the failure of less responsive interfaces.)

“Instant” display of the names of topics is certainly one useful response to Google’s Instant.

Or display of relationships to other topics.

Or, displaying merging results as property values are selected.

Google’s Instant has raised the bar. Will your topic map interface met the challenge?

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