Another Word For It Patrick Durusau on Topic Maps and Semantic Diversity

February 17, 2018

Distributed Systems Seminar [Accounting For Hostile Environments]

Filed under: Distributed Computing,Distributed Consistency,Distributed Systems — Patrick Durusau @ 8:22 pm

Distributed Systems Seminar by Peter Alvaro.

From the webpage:

Description

This graduate seminar will explore distributed systems research, both current and historical, with a particular focus on storage systems and programming models.

Due to fundamental uncertainty in their executions arising from asynchronous communication and partial failure, distributed systems present unique challenges to programmers and users. Moreover, distributed systems are increasingly ubiquitous: nearly all non-trivial systems are now physically distributed. It is no longer possible to relegate responsibility for managing the complexity of distributed systems to a group of expert library or infrastructure writers: all programmers must now be distributed programmers. This is both a crisis and an opportunity.

A great deal of theoretical work in distributed systems establishes important impossibility results, including the famous FLP result, the CAP Theorem, the two generals problem and the impossibility of establishing common knowledge via protocol. These results tell us what we cannot achieve in a distributed system, or more constructively, they tell us about the properties we must trade off for the properties we require when designing or using large-scale systems. But what can we achieve? The history of applied distributed systems work is largely the history of infrastructures — storage systems as well as programming models — that attempt to manage the fundamental complexity of the domain with a variety of abstractions.

This course focuses on these systems, models and languages. We will cover the following topics:

  • Consistency models
  • Large-scale storage systems and data processing frameworks
  • Commit, consensus and synchronization protocols
  • Data replication and partitioning
  • Fault-tolerant design
  • Programming models
  • Distributed programming languages and program analysis
  • Seminal theoretical results in distributed systems

Readings

This course is a research seminar: we will focus primarily on reading and discussing conference papers. We will read 1-2 papers (typically 2) per session; for each paper, you will provide a brief summary (about 1 page). The summary should answer some or all of the following questions:

  • What problem does the paper solve? Is is important?
  • How does it solve the problem?
  • What alternative approaches are there? Are they adequately discussed in the reading?
  • How does this work relate to other research, whether covered in this course or not?
  • What specific research questions, if any, does the paper raise for you?

What a great list of readings!

An additional question of each paper: Does It Account For Hostile Environments?

As Alvaro says: “…nearly all non-trivial systems are now physically distributed.”

That’s a rather large attack surface to leave for unknown others, by unknown means, to secure to an unknown degree, on your behalf.

If you make that choice, add “cyber-victim” to your business cards.

If you aren’t already, you will be soon enough.

December 7, 2017

The Computer Science behind a modern distributed data store

Filed under: ArangoDB,Computer Science,Distributed Computing,Distributed Consistency — Patrick Durusau @ 1:34 pm

From the description:

What we see in the modern data store world is a race between different approaches to achieve a distributed and resilient storage of data. Every application needs a stateful layer which holds the data. There are at least three necessary ingredients which are everything else than trivial to combine and of course even more challenging when heading for an acceptable performance.

Over the past years there has been significant progress in respect in both the science and practical implementations of such data stores. In his talk Max Neunhöffer will introduce the audience to some of the needed ingredients, address the difficulties of their interplay and show four modern approaches of distributed open-source data stores.

Topics are:

  • Challenges in developing a distributed, resilient data store
  • Consensus, distributed transactions, distributed query optimization and execution
  • The inner workings of ArangoDB, Cassandra, Cockroach and RethinkDB

The talk will touch complex and difficult computer science, but will at the same time be accessible to and enjoyable by a wide range of developers.

I haven’t found the slides for this presentation but did stumble across ArangoDB Tech Talks and Slides.

Neunhöffer’s presentation will make you look at ArangoDB more closely.

October 22, 2014

Data Integrity and Problems of Scope

Filed under: Distributed Consistency,Immutable — Patrick Durusau @ 4:21 pm

Data Integrity and Problems of Scope by Peter Baillis.

From the post:

Mutable state in distributed systems can cause all sorts of headaches, including data loss, corruption, and unavailability. Fortunately, there are a range of techniques—including exploiting commutativity and immutability—that can help reduce the incidence of these events without requiring much overhead. However, these techniques are only useful when applied correctly. When applied incorrectly, applications are still subject to data loss and corruption. In my experience, (the unfortunately common) incorrect application of these techniques is often due to problems of scope. What do I mean by scope? Let’s look at two examples:

Having the right ideas is not enough, you must implement them correctly as well.

Peter’s examples will sharpen your thinking about data integrity.

Enjoy!

May 16, 2014

A Distributed Systems Reading List

A Distributed Systems Reading List by

From the introduction:

I often argue that the toughest thing about distributed systems is changing the way you think. The below is a collection of material I’ve found useful for motivating these changes.

Categories include:

  • Thought Provokers
  • Amazon
  • Google
  • eBay
  • Consistency Models
  • Theory
  • Languages and Tools
  • Infrastructure
  • Storage
  • Paxos Consensus
  • Other Consensus Papers
  • Gossip Protocols (Epidemic Behaviors)
  • P2P

Unless you think the knowledge in your domain is small enough to fit into a single system, I suggest you start reading about distributed systems this weekend.

Enjoy!

I first saw this in a tweet by FoundationDB.

January 16, 2013

Tombstones in Topic Map Future?

Watching the What’s New in Cassandra 1.2 (Notes) webcast and encountered an unfamiliar term: “tombstones.”

If you are already familiar with the concept, skip to another post.

If you’re not, the concept is used in distributed systems that maintain “eventual” consistency by the nodes replicating their content. Which works if all nodes are available but what if you delete data and a node is unavailable? When it comes back, the other nodes are “missing” data that needs to be replicated.

From the description at the Cassandra wiki, DistributedDeletes, not an easy problem to solve.

So, Cassandra turns it into a solvable problem.

Deletes are implemented with a special value known as a tombstone. The tombstone is propogated to nodes that missed the initial delete.

Since you will eventually want to delete the tombstones as well, a grace period can be set, which is slightly longer than the period needed to replace a non-responding node.

Distributed topic maps will face the same issue.

Complicated by imperative programming models of merging that make changes in properties that alter merging difficult to manage.

Perhaps functional models of merging, as with other forms of distributed processing, will carry the day.

November 2, 2011

Reading List for Distributed Systems

Filed under: Distributed Consistency,MapReduce — Patrick Durusau @ 6:24 pm

Reading List for Distributed Systems

From the post:

I quite often get asked by friends, colleagues who are interested in learning about distributed systems saying “Please tell me what are the top papers and books we need to read to learn more about distributed systems”. I used to write one off emails giving a few pointers. Now that, I’ve asked enough I thought it is a worthwhile exercise to put these together in a single post.

Please feel free to comment if you think there are more posts that needs to be added.

Reading list that ranges from Paxos to MapReduce and places in between. Looks like a very good list.

February 20, 2011

On Distributed Consistency — Part 1 (MongoDB)

Filed under: Consistency,Distributed Consistency,MongoDB,NoSQL — Patrick Durusau @ 1:04 pm

On Distributed Consistency — Part 1 (MongoDB)

The first of a six part series on consistency in distributed databases.

From the website:

See also:

  • Part 2 – Eventual Consistency
  • Part 3 – Network Partitions
  • Part 4 – Multi Data Center
  • Part 5 – Multi Writer Eventual Consistency
  • Part 6 – Consistency Chart

For distributed databases, consistency models are a topic of huge importance. We’d like to delve a bit deeper on this topic with a series of articles, discussing subjects such as what model is right for a particular use case. Please jump in and help us in the comments.

Consistency is an issue that will confront distributed topic maps so best to start learning the options now.

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