A survey of fuzzy web mining by Chun-Wei Lin and Tzung-Pei Hong. (Lin, C.-W. and Hong, T.-P. (2013), A survey of fuzzy web mining. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov, 3: 190–199. doi: 10.1002/widm.1091)
Abstract:
The Internet has become an unlimited resource of knowledge, and is thus widely used in many applications. Web mining plays an important role in discovering such knowledge. This mining can be roughly divided into three categories, including Web usage mining, Web content mining, and Web structure mining. Data and knowledge on the Web may, however, consist of imprecise, incomplete, and uncertain data. Because fuzzy-set theory is often used to handle such data, several fuzzy Web-mining techniques have been proposed to reveal fuzzy and linguistic knowledge. This paper reviews these techniques according to the three Web-mining categories above—fuzzy Web usage mining, fuzzy Web content mining, and fuzzy Web structure mining. Some representative approaches in each category are introduced and compared.
Written to cover fuzzy web mining but generally useful for data mining and organization as well.
Fuzzy techniques are probably closer to our mental processes than the precision of description logic.
Being mindful that mathematical and logical proofs are justifications for conclusions we already hold.
They are not the paths by which we arrived at those conclusions.