Ontology-Based Interpretation of Natural Language by Philipp Cimiano, Christina Unger, John McCrae.
Authors’ description:
For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge.
The book Ontology-based interpretation of natural language presents an approach to the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. It puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process, meaning that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowlegde necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations.
The links under Resources for Ontologies, Lexica and Grammars, as of today return “coming soon.”
Implementations fares a bit better, returning information on various aspects of lemon.
lemon is a proposed meta-model for describing ontology lexica with RDF. It is declarative, thus abstracts from specific syntactic and semantic theories, and clearly separates lexicon and ontology. It follows the principle of semantics by reference, which means that the meaning of lexical entries is specified by pointing to elements in the ontology.
It may just be me but the Lemon model seems more complicated than asking users what identifies their subjects and distinguishes them from other subjects.
Lemon is said to be compatible with RDF, OWL, SPARQL, etc.
But, accurate (to a user) identification of subjects and their relationships to other subjects is more important to me than compatibility with RDF, SPARQL, etc.
You?
I first saw this in a tweet by Stefano Bertolo.