Another Word For It Patrick Durusau on Topic Maps and Semantic Diversity

April 24, 2012

Mandelbaum on How XML Can Improve Transparency and Workflows for Legislatures

Filed under: Law,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 7:16 pm

Mandelbaum on How XML Can Improve Transparency and Workflows for Legislatures

From Legal Informatics Blog a post reporting on the use of XML in legislatures.

You need to read Mandelbaum’s post (lots of good pointers), where Mandelbaum concedes that open formats != transparency but offers the following advantages to get legislatures around to XML:

  • Preservation.
  • Efficiency.
  • Cost-Effectiveness.
  • Flexibility.
  • Ease of Use.

Personally I would get a group of former legislators to invest in XML based solutions and have them lobby their former colleagues for the new technology. That would take less time than waiting for current vendors to get up to speed on XML.

The various benefits to XML while true, would be how the change to XML is explained to members of the public.

Topic maps could be used by others to track such relationships and changes. That might result in free advertising for the former members of the legislature. A sort of external validation of their effectiveness.

April 22, 2012

Texas Library Association: The Next Generation of Knowledge Management

Filed under: Law,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 7:06 pm

Texas Library Association: The Next Generation of Knowledge Management

Greg Lambert writes:

I had the honor of presenting to at the Texas Library Association Conference here in Houston today. The topic was on Library and Knowledge Management’s collaborative roles within a firm, and how they can work together to bring in better processes, automate certain manual procedures, and add analyze data in a way that makes it (and as a result, KM and Library) more valuable.

Below are the thoughts I wrote down to discuss six questions. These questions were raised at the ARK KM meeting earlier this year and, although the audience was substantially different, I thought it would be a good reference point to cover what is expected of us, and how we can contribute to the operations of the firm in unexpected ways. Thanks to Sean Luman for stepping in and co-presenting with me after Toby suddenly had a conflict.

[Note: Click here to see the Prezi that went along with the presentation.]

My first time to see a “Prezi.” See what you think about it. Comments?

BTW, I thought the frame with:

Lawyers like to think all work is “custom” work.

Clients tend to think most work is “repetitive” (but lawyers are still charging as if it is custom work.

Was quite amusing. I suspect the truth lies somewhere in between those two positions.

I think topic maps can help to integrate not only traditional information sources with case analysis, pleadings, discovery, but non-traditional resources as well. News sources for example. Government agency rulings, opinions, treatment of similarly situated parties. The current problem being that an attorney has to search separate resources for all of those sources of information and more.

Skillful collation of diverse information sources using topic maps would allow attorneys to bill at full rate for the exercise of their knowledge and analytical skills, while eliminating charges for largely rote work of ferreting out resources to be analyzed.

For example, a patent topic map in a particular area, could deliver to a patent attorney just those portions of patents that are relevant for their review, not all patents in a searched area or even the full patents. And the paths taken on the analysis of one patent, could be available to other attorneys in the same firm, enabling a more efficient response to later queries in a particular area (think of it as legal bread crumbs).

April 11, 2012

GovTrack Adds Probabilities to Bill Prognosis

Filed under: Law,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 6:16 pm

GovTrack Adds Probabilities to Bill Prognosis

From the post:

a href=”http://razor.occams.info/”>Dr. Joshua Tauberer of GovTrack has posted Even Better Bill Prognosis: Now with Real Probabilities, on the GovTrack Blog.

In this post, Dr. Tauberer describes the new probability-of-passage figure added to GovTrack’s bill prognosis feature. According to the post:

The analysis has a lot of the factors you would expect but more are certainly possible. Topic maps certainly would be a way to help discover additional factors that should be added.

Personally I favor a “show me the money” type analysis for political decision making processes.

April 9, 2012

Iowa Government Gets a Digital Dictionary Provided By Access

Filed under: Indexing,Law,Legal Informatics,Thesaurus — Patrick Durusau @ 4:32 pm

Iowa Government Gets a Digital Dictionary Provided By Access

Whitney Grace writes:

How did we get by without the invention of the quick search to look up information? We used to use dictionaries, encyclopedias, and a place called the library. Access Innovations, Inc. has brought the Iowa Legislature General Assembly into the twenty-first century.

The write-up “Access Innovations, Inc. Creates Taxonomy for Iowa Code, Administrative Code and Acts” tells us the data management industry leader has built a thesaurus that allows the Legislature to search its library of proposed laws, bills, acts, and regulations. Users can also add their unstructured data to the thesaurus. Access used their Data Harmony software to provide subscription-based delivery and they built the thesaurus on MAIstro.

Sounds very much like a topic map-like project doesn’t it? Will be following up for more details.

April 6, 2012

URN:LEX: New Version 06 Available

Filed under: Identifiers,Law,Law - Sources,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 6:47 pm

URN:LEX: New Version 06 Available

From the purpose of the namespace “lex:”

The purpose of the “lex” namespace is to assign an unequivocal identifier, in standard format, to documents that are sources of law. To the extent of this namespace, “sources of law” include any legal document within the domain of legislation, case law and administrative acts or regulations; moreover potential “sources of law” (acts under the process of law formation, as bills) are included as well. Therefore “legal doctrine” is explicitly not covered.

The identifier is conceived so that its construction depends only on the characteristics of the document itself and is, therefore, independent from the document’s on-line availability, its physical location, and access mode.

This identifier will be used as a way to represent the references (and more generally, any type of relation) among the various sources of law. In an on-line environment with resources distributed among different Web publishers, uniform resource names allow simplified global interconnection of legal documents by means of automated hypertext linking.

If creating names just for law “sources” sounds like low-lying fruit to you, take some time to become familiar with the latest draft.

March 21, 2012

European Legislation Identifier: Document and Slides

Filed under: EU,Government,Law,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 3:31 pm

European Legislation Identifier: Document and Slides

From LegalInformatics:

John Dann of the Luxembourg Service Central de Législation has kindly given his permission for us to post the following documents related to the proposed European Legislation Identifier (ELI) standard:

If you are interested in legal identifiers or legislative materials in Europe more generally, this should be of interest.

March 2, 2012

Call for Participation: OASIS LegalDocumentML (LegalDocML) Technical Committee

Filed under: Law,Law - Sources,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 8:04 pm

Call for Participation: OASIS LegalDocumentML (LegalDocML) Technical Committee

If you are interested in topic maps and legal documents, take note of the following:

Those wishing to become voting members of the committee must join by 22 March 2012.

The committee’s first meeting will be held 29 March 2012, by telephone.

Legal publishers take particular note if your publication system is using other formats.

Topic maps can provide mappings between the deliverables of this TC and your current format.

How large that step will be, will depend on the outcome of TC deliberations. Participation in the TC may influence those deliberations.

Let me know if you need more information.

March 1, 2012

Paper vs. Electronic Brick, What’s the Difference?

Filed under: Books,eBooks,Law,Law - Sources — Patrick Durusau @ 9:01 pm

I think the comparison that Elmer Masters is looking for in The Future of The (Case)Book Is The Web, is paper vs. electronic brick, what’s the difference?

He writes:

Recently there has been an explosion of advances in the ebook arena. New tools, new standards and formats, and new platforms seem to be coming out every day. The rush to get books into an “e” format is on, but does it make a real difference?

The “e” versions of books offer little in the way of improvement over the print version of the same book. Sure, these new formats provide a certain increase in accessibility over print by running on devices that are lighter than print books and allow for things like increasing font size, but there is little else. It is, after all, just a matter of reading the same text on some sort of screen instead of paper.

Markelaw school booksters will tell you that the Kindle, Nook, iPad, and various software readers are the future of the book, an evolutionary, if not revolutionary, step in reading and learning. But that does not ring true. These platforms are really just another form for print. So now beside hard cover and paperback, you can get the same content on any number of electronic platforms. Is that so revolutionary? Things like highlighting and note taking are just replications of the analog versions. Like their analog counterparts, notes and highlights on these platforms are typically locked to the hardware or software reader, no better than the highlights and margin notes of print books. These are just closed platforms, “e” or print, just silos of information.

Unlocking the potential of a book that is locked to a specific platform requires moving the book to an open platform with no real limits like the web. On the web the the book is suddenly expansive. Anything that you can do on the web, you can do with a book. As an author, reader, student, teacher, scholar; anything is possible with a book that is on the open web. The potential for linking, including external material, use of media, note taking, editing, markup, remixing are opened without the bounds of a specific reader platform. A book as a website provides the potential for unlimited customization that will work across any hardware platform.

If you have ever seen a print version of a law school casebook, you know what I mean by “paper brick.”

If you have a Kindle, Nook, etc., with a law school casebook, you know what I mean by “electronic brick.”

The latter is smaller, lighter, can carry more content, but it is still a brick, albeit an electronic one.

Elmer’s moniker “website” covers an HTML engine that serves out topic map augmented content.

We have all seen topic map engines that export to HTML output.

What about specifying HTML authoring that is by default the equivalent to the export a topic map?

And tools that automatically capture such website content and “merge” it with other specified content? A “point and click” interface for authors.

All from the FWB (Friendly Web Browser). 😉

February 28, 2012

Juriscraper: A New Tool for Scraping Court Websites

Filed under: Law,Law - Sources,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 8:43 pm

Juriscraper: A New Tool for Scraping Court Websites

Legalinformatics reports a new tool for scraping court websites.

I understand the need for web scraping tools but fail to understand why public data sources make it necessary? It is getting to where it is a fairly trivia exercise so it is only impeding access, not denying it.

Not that denying access is acceptable but at least it would be an understandable motivation. To try knowing you are going to fail makes you look dumb. Perhaps that is its reward.

February 16, 2012

Akoma Ntoso

Filed under: Law,Legal Informatics — Patrick Durusau @ 6:54 pm

Akoma Ntoso

From the webpage:

Akoma Ntoso (“linked hearts“ in Akan language of West Africa) defines a “machine readable“ set of simple technology-neutral electronic representations (in XML format) of parliamentary, legislative and judiciary documents.

Akoma Ntoso is a set of simple, technology-neutral XML machine-readable descriptions of official documents such as legislation, debate record, minutes, etc. that enable addition of descriptive structure (markup) to the content of parliamentary and legislative documents.

Akoma Ntoso XML schema make “accessible” structure and semantic components of digital documents supporting the creation of high value information services to deliver the power of ICTs to support efficiency and accountability in the parliamentary, legislative and judiciary contexts.

Akoma Ntoso is an initiative of “Africa i-Parliament Action Plan” (www.parliaments.info) a programme of UN/DESA.

Be aware that a new TC has been proposed at OASIS, LeDML, to move Akoma Ntoso towards becoming an international standard.

Applying Akoma Ntoso to the United States Code is a post by Grant Vergottini about his experiences converting the US Code markup into Akoma Ntoso.

Markup can, not necessarily will, simplify the task of creating topic maps of legal materials.

January 21, 2012

January 7, 2012

Network Analysis and Law: Introductory Tutorial @ Jurix 2011 Meeting

Filed under: Graphs,Law,Networks — Patrick Durusau @ 3:56 pm

Network Analysis and Law: Introductory Tutorial @ Jurix 2011 Meeting

Slides from a tutorial given by Daniel Martin Katz at the Jurix 2011 meeting.

Runs 317 slides but is awash in links to resources and software.

You will either learn a lot about network analysis or if you already know network analysis, you will be entertained and informed.

Saw it referenced at: http://computationallegalstudies.com/

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